Porous Pillared Clays and Layered Phosphates
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This chapter deals with the pillaring of two important classes of layered materials, clays, and tetravalent metal phosphates. An enormous amount of effort has been put forth toward the investigation of the synthesis, structural characterization, and chemical properties of pillared clays. The motivation for this endeavor is the development of materials with pores larger than those of the zeolites, primarily for the cracking of the heavy oil fractions into desired transportation fuels. The tetravalent metal phosphates are remarkable in that they are ion exchangers, can be easily exfoliated, and intercalate a variety of compound types. Their conversion into porous materials by pillaring with metal oxides or organic ligands holds some surprising chemistry. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
