Additive-dominance genetic model analyses for late-maturity alpha-amylase activity in a bread wheat factorial crossing population.
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Elevated level of late maturity -amylase activity (LMAA) can result in low falling number scores, reduced grain quality, and downgrade of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) class. A mating population was developed by crossing parents with different levels of LMAA. The F2 and F3 hybrids and their parents were evaluated for LMAA, and data were analyzed using the R software package 'qgtools' integrated with an additive-dominance genetic model and a mixed linear model approach. Simulated results showed high testing powers for additive and additive environment variances, and comparatively low powers for dominance and dominance environment variances. All variance components and their proportions to the phenotypic variance for the parents and hybrids were significant except for the dominance environment variance. The estimated narrow-sense heritability and broad-sense heritability for LMAA were 14 and 54%, respectively. High significant negative additive effects for parents suggest that spring wheat cultivars 'Lancer' and 'Chester' can serve as good general combiners, and that 'Kinsman' and 'Seri-82' had negative specific combining ability in some hybrids despite of their own significant positive additive effects, suggesting they can be used as parents to reduce LMAA levels. Seri-82 showed very good general combining ability effect when used as a male parent, indicating the importance of reciprocal effects. High significant negative dominance effects and high-parent heterosis for hybrids demonstrated that the specific hybrid combinations; Chester Kinsman, 'Lerma52' Lancer, Lerma52 'LoSprout' and 'Janz' Seri-82 could be generated to produce cultivars with significantly reduced LMAA level.
