Poisoning in sheep by Nierembergia veitchii: Observations in four outbreaks
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Sudden death and chronic disease were observed in sheep from four herds in three cities from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between June 2001 and May 2006. From a total population at risk of 460 sheep of various ages 43 were affected, 29 died spontaneously and 10 were euthanatized. Thirteen sheep from outbreaks 1 and 4 had sudden death with large amount of froth in oral and nasal cavities; thirty sheep from outbreaks 2 and 3 had a chronic course of loss of weight, reluctance to move, stiff gait, tucked abdomen and kyphosis. A total of 12 sheep were necropsied. Gross changes included poor body condition with depletion of fat deposits and mineralization of several tissues. The large arteries were rigid and had a hard and irregular intimal surface due to irregular prominent whitish opaque plaques. Mineralization was also observed in valvar and mural endocardium and in the uterine, omasal, ruminal and reticular serosa and in the renal parenchyma. Moderate to severe lung edema was observed in six sheep and multifocal to coalescing hard white areas were observed in the subpleural lung parenchyma of seven sheep. Histologically there was systemic tissue mineralization characterized by fine basophilic granules deposited in several tissues. In the arteries mineralization was mainly in the subintimal media and frequently there was intimal proliferation and occasional chondroid and osseous metaplasia of the media. Mineralization of the carotid rete mirabile was observed in seven cases. Foci of mineralization and osseous metaplasia were also observed in the myocardium and alveolar septa. In each of the farms where the outbreaks occurred Nierembergia veitchii was found in the pastures.
