Novel Findings in Bone Biology: Impact on Bone Health for Women
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2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York. The maintenance of bone integrity throughout life is critical for minimizing the risk of debilitating fractures, which most frequently occur in those with low bone mass (osteopenia) and frank osteoporosis. Bone dynamically adapts to mechanical stresses placed on it, as with increased exercise, but this adaptation may be modified by changes in circulating estrogen, altered oxidative status, and nutritional factors. This review addresses novel findings of the last decade as they affect bone health in women. Specific topics discussed include the negative impact of low energy availability due to prolonged caloric restriction, the surprising role of estrogen receptor-alpha in bone mechanotransduction, and how oxidative stress may be an important mechanism contributing to bone loss with aging and estrogen insufficiency.
