Nutrition and the immune system: The role of amino acids
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abstract
Recent advances in immunological research have indicated that the availability of specific amino acids is particularly important for lymphocytic metabolism and the maintenance of normal immune function. Protein malnutrition and deficiencies in immunologically important amino acids have been shown to contribute to immunosuppression in patients with chronic disease as well as theorized to contribute to exercise-induced immunosuppression. Increasing the dietary availability of specific amino acids has been reported to enhance immune function and reverse immunosuppression in various patient populations. In addition, reports have suggested that increased metabolism of amino acids, during prolonged exercise may reduce the availability of glutamine as an energy fuel for the lymphocyte leading to exercise-induced immunosuppression. Amino acid supplementation with carbohydrate prior to, during, and/or following exercise has been reported to reduce net protein degradation, inhibit serotonin synthesis, enhance muscle recovery and glycogen resynthesis, and improve immune status in athletes. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature concerning the nutritional role of amino acids on immune function and provide preliminary recommendations regarding optimal nutrition for the immune system.
