High-to-Low Dose Extrapolation: Issues and Approaches
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Both model-independent and model-dependent approaches to low-dose extrapolation are used in the USEPA's current and future risk assessments. Some of the major issues in choosing and implementing different approaches include: Knowledge of mode-of-action, biological relationships at low dose Characterization of uncertainty and variability Degree of confidence and consistency in results. The USEPA is working both to advance the science and methods in this area as well as to make use of the best science that is available for its current risk assessments.