Study of Several Error Sources in a Laser Raman Clock
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The development of a cesium clock using a laser excited resonance Raman interaction in place of direct microwave excitation is investigated. Such a scheme, using only semiconductor laser excitation and fiber optic atomic beam design, may lead to the development of smaller, lighter and perhaps cheaper atomic clocks. A sodium Raman clock which consists of a sodium atomic beam, a dye laser, and an acoustooptic frequency shifter used for the generation of the second laser frequency has been studied. Recent performance showed a stability of 10 multiplied by 10** minus **1**1 for a 5000-s averaging time. This compares favorably with commercial cesium clocks, when difference in atom transit time and transition frequency are taken into consideration.