Performance of a Laser-Induced Resonance Raman Clock
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The authors have stabilized a microwave oscillator using a laser-induced resonance Raman transition in a sodium atomic beam and have achieved a fractional frequency (clock) stability of 1. 5 multiplied by 10** minus **1**1 for a 1000 s averaging time. This stability, which is near the shot noise limit for the setup, compares favorably with the fractional frequency stabilities of commercial cesium clocks at 1000 s averaging times when differences in transit time and transition frequency are taken into consideration. These preliminary results are encouraging and were made possible because the major sources of frequency error have been identified and greatly reduced. Remaining sources of long-term frequency shifts are still under investigation.