A theoretical study of heat transfer to flowing granular materials

The mechanics of flowing granular materials such as coal, sand, agricultural products, fertilizers, dry chemicals, metal ores, etc., and their flow characteristics have received considerable attention in recent years. In a number of instances these materials are also heated prior to processing or cooled after processing. In this paper, the governing equations for the flow of granular materials, taking into account the heat transfer mechanism are derived using a continuum model proposed by Rajagopal and Massoudi (1990). For a fully developed flow down a heated inclined plane, the governing equations reduce to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations for the case where the material properties are assumed to be constants. The boundary value problem is solved numerically and the results are presented for the volume fraction, velocity, and temperature profiles.

A theoretical study of heat transfer to flowing granular materials Academic Article