Reconciliation of windkessel and distributed descriptions of linear arterial systems
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abstract
Input impedance describes the relationship of pressure and flow at the entrance of an arterial system. Two distinct approaches have been used to model the input impedance: a distributed approach based on the wave equation and a lumped approach based upon conservation of mass. This lumped approach was first used by Otto Frank in his derivation of the windkessel. However, his windkessel contains the assumption that pulse wave velocity is infinitely fast. By eliminating this assumption, a hybrid model based upon both conservation of mass and the wave equation is derived.