Ultrasonic and high-temperature pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocellulosic sweet sorghum to bio-ethanol
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This study investigated the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to hexose and pentose sugars through ultrasonic and hot water pretreatment, followed by hydrolysis with a mixture of enzymes and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to bio-ethanol. Lignin concentration decreased by 52%, cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations increased by 49% and 25%, respectively, after the ultrasonic plus hot water pretreatment. Cellulose conversion to glucose was the highest when Accellerase 1500+XC enzyme was used (89%), followed by Accellerase 1500+BG (84%), Accellerase 1500+XY (83%) and Accellerase 1500 (82%). Hemicellulose conversion to xylose and arabinose was the highest when Accellerase 1500+XC enzyme was used (48%), followed by Accellerase 1500+XY (40%). Optimum yield of bioconversion of the cellulose was 3.2-4.2 g ethanol/100 g of sweet sorghum biomass and ethanol concentration was 8-10 g/L based on cellulose conversions. The results in this study can be used to optimise processing conditions for bioethanol production from lignocellulose. 2012 Taylor & Francis.