Digital two-color PIV and flow-visualization studies for complex supersonic flows
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Complex supersonic flows such as supersonic turbulent boundary layers subjected to a pressure gradient and supersonic gaseous injection into a supersonic cross flow were investigated using Mie-scattering and digital two-color Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques. Instantaneous Mie-scattering visualizations of the jet (M = 1.6) in a cross flow (M = 2.9) provided valuable qualitative information on the large-scale turbulent structures. Time-averaged visualizations revealed penetration and plume-dispersion effects. Flow visualizations of the supersonic turbulent boundary layer showed that a rather mildly curved wall dramatically alters the overall structure of the boundary-layer flow. For example, the boundary-layer thickness for the adverse-pressure-gradient model decreased by about 50% as compared to that for the zero-pressure-gradient condition. Several instantaneous digital PIV images were acquired to obtain the mean-velocity and turbulence-intensity components. A relatively small number of images (25) adequately resolved the mean flow quantities. Of the three pressure gradients considered, the PIV results and the LDV data showed the least agreement for the adverse-pressure-gradient condition.