Ion conduction in polymerized ionic liquids and ionic liquid-polymer mixtures
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abstract
Solid-state polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivities are of great interest for energy conversion devices (e.g., fuel cells, batteries), in part, because they overcome shortcomings of liquid electrolytes (e.g., leakage, flammability, toxicity, stability). Recently, polymer electrolytes that contain ionic liquids have attracted remarkable interest. Ionic liquids are composed of organic cations and anions, which are weakly associated and offer a unique combination of physicochemical properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, a wide electrochemical window, and good chemical and thermal stability. Ionic liquid-polymer mixtures have recently been investigated in solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells, to name a few. Relatively fewer investigations have focused on developing polymerizable ionic liquids as solid-state polymer electrolytes. Polymerized ionic liquids (or polymers synthesized by polymerizing ionic liquid monomers) integrate macromolecular structure with ionic liquid moieties (in either the side group or backbone). In this study, polymerized ionic liquids were compared to ionic liquid-polymer mixtures. Specifically, ionic-nonionic and ionic-ionic polymerized ionic liquid copolymers were synthesized for comparison to homopolymer and random copolymer-based ionic liquid-polymer mixtures. Glass transitions, ion conduction, and structure (x-ray scattering) were investigated in these systems as a function of copolymer composition and ionic liquid content.
