Specification issues and confidence intervals in unilateral price effects analysis
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The Rotterdam demand system was introduced which considered the effect and importance of demand restrictions for minimizing the mean-squared error of price simulations. It demonstrated that approximate price changes are often misleading indicators of exact price changes. The demand system used bootstrap techniques to determine confidence intervals and standard errors for simulated price changes. The results suggest that bootstrapping the standard errors of price increases allows an assessment of both the statistical and economic significance of price increase.