EXTERNAL COSTS OF LAND SUBSIDENCE IN HOUSTON BAYTOWN AREA
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Groundwater withdrawal from underground aquifers in excess of natural recharge is causing land surface subsidence along the Texas coast. External costs of subsidence are estimated from a survey of damages and losses in property value in the Houston-Baytown area of Texas. Estimates of total costs, primarily in fresh- and saltwater flooding, are used in a break-even analysis to compare areal costs of groundwater to costs of water from surface sources. Substitution of surface water for all groundwater that results in subsidence is suggested as a means of minimizing total water costs to the area. 1975 Oxford University Press.