THE AMMONIA FREEZE EXPLOSION (AFEX) PROCESS - A PRACTICAL LIGNOCELLULOSE PRETREATMENT Academic Article

abstract

• The Ammonia Freeze Explosion (AFEX) process treats lignocellulose with high-pressure liquid ammonia, and then explosively releases the pressure. The combined chemical effect (cellulose decrystallization) and physical effect (increased accessible surface area) dramatically increase lignocellulose susceptibility to enzymatic attack. There are many adjustable parameters in the AFEX process: ammonia loading, water loading, temperature, time, blowdown pressure, and number of treatments. The effect of these parameters on enzymatic susceptibility was explored for three materials: Coastal bermudagrass, bagasse, and newspaper. Nearly quantitative sugar yields were demonstrated for Coastal bermudagrass and bagasse, using a very low enzyme loading (5 IU/g). Newspaper proved to be much more resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. 1991 Humana Press Inc.

authors

• Holtzapple, Mark

published proceedings

• APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

altmetric score

• 9

author list (cited authors)

• HOLTZAPPLE, M. T., JUN, J. H., ASHOK, G., PATIBANDLA, S. L., & DALE, B. E.

citation count

• 174

complete list of authors

• HOLTZAPPLE, MT||JUN, JH||ASHOK, G||PATIBANDLA, SL||DALE, BE

publication date

• March 1991

publisher

• Springer Nature  Publisher

published in

• Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology  Journal

keywords

• Ammonia Freeze Explosion
• Cellulase
• Lignocellulose
• Pretreatment
• Sugar

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• 10.1007/BF02922589

start page

• 59

end page

• 74

volume

• 28-9

issue

• 1

URL

• http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2Fbf02922589