Unsteady Aerodynamic Model Based on the Leading-Edge Stagnation Point
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abstract
The significance ofthe leading-edge stagnation point as an unsteady aerodynamic observable is investigated. Using first-order unsteady potential flow theory, a simple model relating the stagnation point to the unsteady lift is derived for an airfoil undergoing arbitrary unsteady maneuvers. In particular, the dynamic circulatory effects are shown to be accounted for by tracking the stagnation point. Linearization permits the superposition of solutions for thickness and camber. The modelis validated using numerical simulations, employing both steady and unsteady panel methods. In addition, its validityisinvestigated experimentally through steadyand unsteady wind-tunnel testsofawing section. The stagnation point isestimatedin real time from the convective heat transfer distribution measured usingahot-film sensor array instrumented around the wing's leading edge. Applications of these findings to flutter suppression and gust-load alleviation are experimentally demonstrated.