Influence of scarification and temperature on seed germination of Lupinus arboreus
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Seeds of Lupinus arboreus Sims (bush lupine) were subjected to a variety of scarification and temperature treatments. Without scarification, <5% germination was observed within one week. Germination increased linearly with increasing treatment time in concentrated sulfuric acid up to 60 min. Beyond 60 min. there was no significant increase in germination. Nicking the seed coats with a razor blade resulted in 97% germination. Placing seeds in water initially at 100C and soaking the seed as the water cooled resulted in 18% germination. When seeds were soaked in lower initial temperature water treatments (60-80C), germination increased to 10% compared to 4% for the control. Total germination of scarified seeds was <80% at germination temperatures between 18 and 24C within seven days. The most rapid germination occurred between 21 and 24C. At 32C, total germination was reduced to approximately 2%. At 35C, germination did not occur. Our data indicate that seeds of L. arboreus must be scarified to obtain high germination percentages and the most rapid germination occurs between 24-29C.
