Sustainable Water Management in Cities
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A multi annual model for the optimal planning and scheduling of water storage and distribution in a macroscopic system is presented. The model considers natural resources such as superficial and subterranean water bodies, whereas the alternative water resources are harvested rainwater and reclaimed wastewater. Due to the seasonal nature of precipitation, it is considered that storage devices can be constructed in specific locations in the city and then used to satisfy the different demands of the system. The proposed model overcomes previously reported methodologies by considering important aspects such as population growth, time value of money and the expected change in the precipitation patterns due to climate change. A case study for a Mexican city was solved. Results show that the implementation of alternative water sources in the multi annual water management problem in a macroscopic system might increase the revenue up to 22.9 % respect the current operation and that the alternative water sources have the potential to satisfy up to 25.2 % of the agricultural, domestic and industrial demands in the city during the time span of the project, reducing the overexploitation of natural water bodies. 2014 Elsevier B.V.
