Normal Fluid Density, Second Sound, and Fourth Sound in an Anisotropic Superfluid
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In a superfluid with an anisotropic quasiparticle energy, the normal-fluid density is a diagonal tensor. The second and fourth sound velocities are distinctly anisotropic, so that heat-pulse or fourth-sound studies with an applied magnetic field H may permit identification of the direction of the gap axis with respect to H. High-frequency sound velocities may display a weaker anisotropy. 1973 The American Physical Society.