High-energy femtosecond Cr4+: forsterite oscillators and their applications in biomedical and material sciences
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We have designed and successfully developed a long-cavity Cr4+:forsterite femtosecond oscillator, which delivers < 40 fs pulses with an energy per pulse of over 15 nJ. Complete self-starting is demonstrated. Ablation and phase transformations of semiconductor materials are achieved by the tight focusing of the laser output using a microscope objective. It is also demonstrated that Cr4+:forsterite has significant advantages over Ti: sapphire for multiphoton fluorescence and coherent non-linear optical microscopy.