A review of literature concerning odors, ammonia, and dust from broiler production facilities: 3. Land application, processing, and storage of broiler litter
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A literature review on production and control of nuisance odor from land application, processing, and storage of broiler litter is presented in this paper. The review identifies several odor production factors and odor control strategies based upon research conducted on litter and manure from poultry and other species. Published research lacks information on odor emissions and control of odor as affected by litter moisture conditions, leading and transportation of litter, application site factors, and weather conditions (prior, during, and after litter application). For this reason, several studies, mostly from peer-reviewed publications on ammonia emissions from broiler operations and various species were included. It was inferred that conditions that cause increased ammonia emissions may also be favorable for the production and increase in odor from land application, processing and storage of broiler litter. New nuisance odor assessment tools, such as the model odor from feedlots setback estimation tool (OFFSET), provide a better control on setback distances for improved community relations. Consideration of wind speed, direction, and weather condition during land application, incorporation of land-applied litter, covering of litter in storage and while in transportation, and processing, such as composting of litter and mortality, were all considered as practices that help minimize odor emission.
