Defect formation and annealing kinetics in ion irradiated carbon nanotube buckypapers
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We studied the frequency shifts in G, D and D* Raman modes in freestanding multiwall carbon nanotube buckypapers. Upon ion irradiation by 140 keV He+ or 3 MeV H+ ions, the intensity ratio of D-G modes linearly increases with fluence before amorphization. The ratio is used to quantitatively measure the level of disorder in the buckypaper. The study shows that, upon post-irradiation annealing, defect removal requires little energy addition in lightly damaged buckypaper, which is evidenced by an activation energy of 0.36 eV. Once amorphized, defect removal becomes very difficult. The D-G intensity ratio has no reduction in heavily damage sample after annealing up to 850 C. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.