Breaking wave impinging and greenwater on a two-dimensional offshore structure
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The measurement of velocity fields of a plunging wave impacting on a structure in a two-dimensional wave flume was investigated experimentally. As the wave impinged and overtopped the structure, a large highly aerated region was created in front of the structure and water splashed on top of the structure. The broken wave in front of the structure and associated greenwater on top of the structure are highly aerated containing not only a large number of bubbles but also very large sizes of bubbles. A modified PIV method incorporating the traditional PIV method with the shadowgraphy technique was introduced to obtain the velocity in the highly aerated region and the splashing water on the deck by correlating the "texture" of the bubble images. It was found that the maximum fluid particle velocity in front of the structure during the impinging process is about 1.5 times the phase speed of the wave, while the maximum horizontal velocity above the deck is less than the phase speed. It was also found that the dam breaking solution does not work well in predicting the greenwater velocity. Copyright 2005 by The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
