Non-invasive stool-based detection of newborn infant gastrointestinal development using gene expression profiles derived from exfoliated epithelial cells
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Understanding of the molecular regulation of intestinal development by human milk has been limited by the lack of noninvasive approaches. Herein, a novel molecular methodology utilizing stool samples containing intact sloughed epithelial cells was used to identify gene sets (combinations) that were differentially regulated in response to infant feeding. Fecal mRNA was isolated from 3monthold exclusively breast (BF; n=12) and formula (FF; n=10) fed infants. Linear discriminant analysis was used to identify the best single genes and two to threegene combinations for distinguishing the feeding groups. EPAS1, a transcription factor involved in inducing oxygenregulated genes, was identified as a putative master regulatory gene using coefficient of determination analysis. Bioinformatic analysis identified differentially regulated processes associated with apoptosis, chemotaxis and development (Wnt and NOTCH pathways). Thus, epithelial cell mRNA isolated from stool has value in terms of characterizing the mechanisms underlying developmentallyregulated transcriptional activation/repression of genes known to modulate gastrointestinal development. (Funded by Mead Johnson and NIH CA59034, CA129444, DK71707 and P30ES09106)
Donovan, S. M., Davidson, L. A., Zhao, C., Ivanov, I., Goldsby, J. S., Lupton, J. R., ... Chapkin, R. S.
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Donovan, Sharon Marie||Davidson, Laure A||Zhao, Chen||Ivanov, Ivan||Goldsby, Jennifer S||Lupton, Joanne R||Mathai, Rose Ann||Monaco, Marcia H||Rai, Deshanie||Russell, Michael||Dougherty, Edward R||Chapkin, Robert S
