Historical and Current Nomenclature Associated with Intervertebral Disc Pathology
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2015 ACVS Foundation. This chapter reviews the history of nomenclature associated with intervertebral disc pathology in dogs. It discusses appropriate terms based upon available veterinary and human medical literature. In dogs and humans, intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) typically occurs following disc degeneration. In veterinary medicine, the term intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) remains popular among clinicians. IVDH in the dog is classified as disc extrusion or disc protrusion based on morphology, gross pathology, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Disc extrusion occurs when a complete rent in the annulus fibrosus develops which permits displacement of the nucleus pulposus into surrounding soft tissue structures. In humans, disc protrusions can be classified as focal or broad. The use of proper terminology facilitates understanding the clinical significance of various forms of disc displacement and how we might intervene therapeutically.