Measurements of volatile organic compound and greenhouse gas emissions from ground level area sources in a beef feedyard using isolation flux chamber
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A new protocol similar to EPA method TO-14A was used to quantify and report variations in odorous volatile organic compound (VOC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different ground level area sources (GLAS) namely feedlot, compost piles and lagoon in a beef feedyard in Texas Panhandle. The objective of this study was to measure gas concentrations and estimate emission factors (EFs) of phenol, p-cresol, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO 2) from this beef feedyard operation. A week-long sampling was conducted and a total of 46 VOCs and 83 GHGs were sampled simultaneously from different GLAS. Thirteen VOCs were identified during sampling period and the gas Chromatograph (GC) was calibrated for phenol and p-cresol, the primary compounds found. The GHG GC was calibrated for CH4, CO2, and nitrous oxide (N2O). In the beef feedyard, average measured concentrations of phenol and p-cresol in four corners of the feedlot ranged from 56 to 300 ppbv and 14 to 76 ppbv, respectively. Measured average concentrations for CH 4 and CO2 in four pens ranged from 3.6 to 39.6 ppmv and 561 to 626 ppmv, respectively. Average phenol EFs were 0.1310.111, 0.0050.002, and 0.0010.000 kg hd-1 yr-1 from feedlot, compost piles, and lagoon, respectively. Estimated average p-cresol EFs were 0.0450.036, 0.0020.001, and 0.00020.00004 kg hd-1 yr-1 from feedlot, compost piles, and lagoon, respectively. The overall estimated EFs for phenol and p-cresol were 0.1370.113 and 0.0470.037 kg hd-1 yr-1, respectively, during summer. The feedlot alone contributed about 95% of the overall phenol and p-cresol emissions for this feedyard. The overall estimated CH4 and CO2 EFs were 2.182.98 and 386157 kg hd-1 yr-1, respectively. During summer, the feedlot alone contributed about 73% and 82% of the overall CH 4 and CO2 emissions from this feedyard.
