A Novel Framework for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration, CCUS
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Recent global warming and climate change are often attributed to anthropogenic CO2 emissions from burning and consumption of fossil fuels. CO2 capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) is an enabling technology toward reducing such emissions from stationary sources. However, significant challenges remain to be addressed before CCUS can be deployed at the industrial scale. A major challenge is to reduce the overall cost of CCUS. To this end, we apply a multi-scale approach and provide a comprehensive framework to elucidate materials-centric, process-centric and network-centric understanding toward reducing the overall CCUS cost. At the materials level, a hierarchical in silico screening method is developed to select the candidate adsorbent materials and optimize process conditions in tandem for adsorption-based postcombustion CO2 capture. At the process level, detailed cost-based modeling and optimization of different capture processes are performed, which enable us to develop explicit expressions for the investment and operating costs of capture technologies, and to determine the most cost-effective materials and processes to be used for CO2 capture and compression when addressing diverse emission scenarios. At the network level, we design an optimal nationwide CCUS structure that uses the most appropriate source plants, capture technologies and materials, transportation network, and CO2 utilization and storage sites. We also discuss the factors that affect the CCUS network costs. 2014 Elsevier B.V.
