Frozen flux in a superconducting film
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We consider a new class of composite superconducting films with embedded magnetic nanorods (stripes). These nanomagnets can create a thermodynamically stable, frozen, dense flux line network. We examine conditions under which the magnetic nanorods (stripes) capture flux and discuss the phase diagram of the frozen flux state. The ground state of this system contains spontaneous current in violation with the time-reversal symmetry. 2000 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved.