In order to develop competitive and sustainable agrifood supply chains (AFSCs), there are a few critical issues that have to be recognized such as the unique attributes of AFSCs that differentiate them from other SC networks. This chapter provides an in-depth examination of AFSCs and the related decision-making across the involved operations. Specific focus is provided on the three dimensions of sustainability, that is, economic, social, and environmental that modern, competitive AFSCs need to accommodate. On a global scale, GHG emissions from agriculture account for almost 14% of total emissions. However, agricultural emissions can be reduced by reductions in livestock numbers and the improved fertilizer applications. The chapter also discusses mechanisms for additional emission reductions namely, alternative production systems, and innovative technologies to amend environmental impacts.
