The fabrication and thermal properties of bismuth-aluminum oxide nanothermometers.
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abstract
Bismuth (Bi) nanowires, well controlled in length and diameter, were prepared by using an anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) template-assisted molding injection process with a high cooling rate. A high performance atomic layer deposition(ALD)-capped bismuth-aluminum oxide(Bi-Al2O3) nanothermometer isdemonstrated that wasfabricated via a facile, low-cost and low-temperature method, including AAO templated-assisted molding injection and low-temperature ALD-capped processes. The thermal behaviors of Bi nanowires and Bi-Al2O3 nanocables were studied by in situ heating transmission electron microscopy. Linear thermal expansion of liquid Bi within native bismuth oxide nanotubes and ALD-capped Bi-Al2O3 nanocables were evaluated from 275 C to700 C and 300 C to 1000 C, respectively. The results showed that the ALD-capped Bi-Al2O3 nanocable possesses the highest working temperature, 1000 C, and the broadest operation window, 300 C-1000 C, of athermal-expanding type nanothermometer. Our innovative approach provides another way of fabricatingcore-shell nanocables and to further achieve sensing local temperature under anextreme high vacuum environment.