Flux pinning behavior and positron annihilation study on (Pb,Sn)-doped Bi-2212 superconductors
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The flux pinning of (Pb,Sn)-doping on Bi1.6-xSnxPb0.4Sr2CaCu2Oy, and Bi2-2xPbxSnxSr2CaCu2Oyhave been studied by using magnetic measurements, positron annihilation techniques (PAT), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Analysis shows that most of (Pb.Sn) dopants enter the Bi-2212 lattice and occupy Bi sites, which gives rise to electron concentration increasing on Bi-O layers. The (Pb.Sn)-doping improve the conductive property of Bi-layers. Magnetization hysteresis loops exhibit strong pinning behavior in the higher temperature range, close to 50 K, which (Pb.Sn)-doping in the Bi-O layers provide effective pinning centers. 2004 Materials Research Society.