Chiral three-nucleon interaction and the C-14-dating beta decay
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We present a shell-model calculation for the decay of C14 to the N14 ground state, treating the relevant nuclear states as two 0p holes in an O16 core. Employing the universal low-momentum nucleon-nucleon potential Vlow k only, one finds that the Gamow-Teller matrix element is too large to describe the known (very long) lifetime of C14. As a novel approach to this problem, we invoke the chiral three-nucleon force (3NF) at leading order and derive from it a density-dependent in-medium NN interaction. By including this effective in-medium NN interaction, the Gamow-Teller matrix element vanishes for a nuclear density close to that of saturated nuclear matter, 0=0.16 fm-3. The genuine short-range part of the three-nucleon interaction plays a particularly important role in this context, since the medium modifications to the pion propagator and pion-nucleon vertex (owing to the long-range 3NF) tend to cancel out in the relevant observable. We discuss also uncertainties related to the off-shell extrapolation of the in-medium NN interaction. Using the off-shell behavior of Vlow k as a guide, we find that these uncertainties are rather small. 2009 The American Physical Society.
