Psychological factors associated with overtraining: implications for youth sport coaches. ID - 19951806794
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The purpose of this review is to define physiological indices of overtraining, examine psychological factors involved with youth sports, and suggest corrective alternatives for coaches to avoid overtraining of youth athletes. Overtraining is common among athletes. Incremental stages of overtraining of youth athletes include (a) over-reaching, (b) overtraining, (c) staleness, (d) burnout, and (e) injury/withdrawal. The body of literature which addresses overtraining has been primarily psychological. Physiological systems affected by overtraining have been both parasympathetic and sympathetic processes. However, the consistency of these findings have been suspect and difficult to differentiate from normal training response. Identification of psychological factors however have been more consistent with a large body of investigation using psychometric instruments such as the Profile of Mood States. Psychological factors which effect overtraining includes stress and susceptible personality characteristics. Overtraining may be avoided by providing a clear system of rewards and scheduling. Periodization training schedules, implementing psychological testing, and monitoring dietary intake can reduce the potential for overtraining. These suggestions require careful consideration by coaches for useful application within their own sport situation. Often coaches have limited time and/or finances to implement elaborate screening and prevention programmes. However, the syndromes associated with chronic training can cause lack of enjoyment for the participants and a failure to achieve desired effects for coaches. With increased awareness of these issues, a coach can provide a structured sport programme that enhances the total sports experience of young athletes.
