This chapter explores the geocoding process in the context of health science research from both the theoretical and applied viewpoints. First, the many roles that geocoding plays in health science research are illustrated to show the breadth of scenarios where geocoding technologies have an impact. Secondly, technical details of the geocoding process are covered to provide a baseline level of knowledge - from the types of input data that health science researchers may put through a geocoding system, to each of the components of geocoding systems that manipulate these data, and then to the eventual output data and the means by which the quality of these data are represented and reported. Thirdly, the geocoding resources available to the health science community are described, and a vision for the future of geocoding in health science is presented to foster research and technology development. The chapter concludes with a review of the salient findings for health science researchers who wish to employ geocoding in their investigations, applications and policy decisions.
