Processing strategies for niobium sheet used in advanced superconducting particle accelerator cavities
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Ultra-high-purity niobium sheet is used to fabricate radio frequency cavities for use in future linear accelerators. The complexity of the shapes requires the electron-beam welding of deep-drawn components, but difficulties with inconsistent formability, springback, and surface roughness have been traced to non-uniform microstructures and texture gradients that are common commercial niobium sheet. Two approaches under study to overcome these problems are the development of fine-grained favorably textured polycrystalline sheet, and the use of a properly of oriented and nearly, single-crystals sheet to form pieces of the cavity. Both approaches show promise but need further work.