Three-dimensional modeling of metallic fracture
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This paper extends the capability of a previous two-dimensional analysis of dynamic failure processes in metals, in order to provide a three-dimensional model of metallic fracture. It is noted that crack growth in structural metals often proceeds by macroscopically flat fracture in the center of a specimen or structure, accompanied by a shear fracture near the free surface zones called 'shear-lips'. The relation between what is seen on the surface and what actually happens in the interior is generally inaccessible in an experiment and, at best, can only be ascertained after the fact. The simulation shows in detail the evolution of such a failure process.