EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION OF SHALE - MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURAL INDICATORS OF MECHANISMS
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The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of an illite-rich shale have been investigated in triaxial compression experiments at varying confining pressures (Pc), temperatures (T), and strain rates ({lunate}). Shale deforms by brittle processes at low Pc and deforms by semi-brittle processes at high Pc leading to the development of macroscopic fractures, semi-brittle shear zones, and kink bands. Differential stresses (1-3) depend on Pc as well as T and {lunate} at high Pc. The effects of Pc are non-linear and those of T and {lunate} at a selected Pc may be described by an exponential dislocation glide law. The strength of shale depends on water content as well; loss of 2.1 weight % water from clay interlayers increases shale strength by 30%. 1993.